Chemical engineers at the University of Bath have made a plant-based nanofiltration membrane, which does not use fossil fuel-derived materials or toxic solvents.

Made from two renewable and sustainable plant-derived materials – cellulose and lignin – the new polyelectrolyte membrane design has been proven in testing to effectively filter water dyes of a range of different molecular weights, which are used to represent different pollutants’ sizes.

The technology could be to replace existing equivalents that use fossil fuels in their production.

The results are detailed in a new research paper, Lignin- and Cellulose-Derived Sustainable Nanofiltration Polyelectrolyte Membranes, published in ACS Sustainable Chemical Engineering. Dr Olawumi Sadare, a Royal Society Newton Fellow in Bath’s Department of Chemical Engineering and co-author of the paper, said, “The potential of this technology to reduce environmental impacts is particularly crucial, especially in light of upcoming EU legislation to curb the use of toxic solvents, and the proposed bans on fluorinated polymers in membrane manufacturing.

“Another desirable aspect of the membrane we have created is that you can control its thickness as you wish to tune the permeance characteristics, or how selective it is.”

Professor Davide Mattia, from Bath’s Centre for Integrated Materials, Processes and Structures, co-authored the research paper. Mattia said, “Chemical separations consume 10-15% of the world’s energy, and membranes are considered the most promising technology to dramatically reduce the carbon footprint of these vital processes.

“As such, the focus has always been on improving membrane performance, with little attention paid to the impact of their manufacturing. All commercial membranes manufactured today use toxic organic solvents and fossil-fuel derived materials, particularly polymers. These not only emit carbon to manufacture them but also cannot be recycled and end in landfill. The approach we developed focuses on making membrane manufacturing sustainable, while producing a membrane that has comparable performance to commercial ones.”

The research team includes Sadare, Mattia Liana Zoumpouli, John Chew, Jannis Wenk and Bernardo Castro-Dominguez. The researchers, funded by the Royal Society and the UK EPSRC, have applied for patent protection for the technology and are taking steps toward commercializing the membrane.

Source: University of Bath